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An antibiotic composite electrode for improving the sensitivity of electrochemically active biofilm biosensor

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第8期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1518-7

摘要：

• Antibiotic azithromycin employed in graphite electrode for EAB biosensor.

关键词： AZM@GP composite electrode EAB-biosensor Water quality early-warning

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复杂环境下地铁施工安全风险自动识别与预警研究

丁烈云,周诚

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第12期页码 85-93

摘要：

在地铁施工安全管理工作中，面临的一个突出问题是施工安全风险信息采集与利用不充分，施工全过程安全风险控制仍是一个“黑箱”控制。将信息技术用于地铁工程施工安全风险控制，主要包括：a. 针对施工前安全风险识别，提出利用计算机技术从工程图纸中自动识别施工安全风险的新方法，从而提高地铁施工安全知识的积累、共享和重用；b. 针对施工中安全风险预警，提出地铁施工安全风险信息融合与时空耦合的预警方法，有效支持动态定位和跟踪危险施工工序及部位；c. 针对高风险特殊区段施工，开发集自动监测、实时预警于一体的地铁施工安全集成控制技术，将预警信息及时发送给现场施工人员，便于及时有效的采取施工控制和应急措施，保障施工安全。本研究成果在全国多个城市地铁建设中成功应用。

关键词：地铁施工安全风险自动识别信息融合预警风险时空耦合风险实时感知

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网络空间战略预警体系的建设思考

庄洪林,姚乐,汪生,顾嘉祥,吴晔,解凯

《中国工程科学》 2021年第23卷第2期页码 1-7 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.02.001

摘要：

网络空间战略预警体系指为早期发现、跟踪、识别、报知来袭的重大战略攻击或烈性病毒传播破坏而建立的警告体系，是国家安全防御体系的重要组成部分；实施网络强国战略需要高度重视网络空间战略预警体系建设。本文分析了网络空间战略预警的主要特点和基本要求，研究了安全漏洞预警、安全威胁预警、入侵攻击预警、异常行为预警等主要预警样式，梳理了国内外网络空间战略预警监测体系的建设情况。研究认为，应重点抓好网络空间测绘系统、漏洞收集预警平台、威胁情报感知推送系统、安全监控综合预警系统等方面的建设工程。研究建议，强化高层统筹协调，注重多源数据融合，设立专业预警机构，开展经常性安全评估，实行威胁预警分级机制，以此精准保障网络空间战略预警体系建设。

关键词：网络空间安全，战略预警，态势感知，体系建设

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RESEARCH AND APPLICATION OF CROP PEST MONITORING AND EARLY WARNING TECHNOLOGY IN CHINA

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第9卷第1期页码 19-36 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021411

摘要：

The importance of food security, especially in combating the problem of acute hunger, has been underscored as a key component of sustainable development. Considering the major challenge of rapidly increasing demands for both food security and safety, the management and control of major pests is urged to secure supplies of major agricultural products. However, owing to global climate change, biological invasion (e.g., fall armyworm), decreasing agricultural biodiversity, and other factors, a wide range of crop pest outbreaks are becoming more frequent and serious, making China, one of the world’s largest country in terms of agricultural production, one of the primary victims of crop yield loss and the largest pesticide consumer in the world. Nevertheless, the use of science and technology in monitoring and early warning of major crop pests provides better pest management and acts as a fundamental part of an integrated plant protection strategy to achieve the goal of sustainable development of agriculture. This review summarizes the most fundamental information on pest monitoring and early warning in China by documenting the developmental history of research and application, Chinese laws and regulations related to plant protection, and the National Monitoring and Early Warning System, with the purpose of presenting the Chinese model as an example of how to promote regional management of crop pests, especially of cross border pests such as fall armyworm and locust, by international cooperation across pest-related countries.

关键词： China / law / early warning system and national crop pest monitoring / pest management / regulation and sustainable agricultural development

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Weak characteristic information extraction from early fault of wind turbine generator gearbox

Xiaoli XU, Xiuli LIU

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第12卷第3期页码 357-366 doi: 10.1007/s11465-017-0423-4

摘要：

Given the weak early degradation characteristic information during early fault evolution in gearbox of wind turbine generator, traditional singular value decomposition (SVD)-based denoising may result in loss of useful information. A weak characteristic information extraction based on µ-SVD and local mean decomposition (LMD) is developed to address this problem. The basic principle of the method is as follows: Determine the denoising order based on cumulative contribution rate, perform signal reconstruction, extract and subject the noisy part of signal to LMD and µ-SVD denoising, and obtain denoised signal through superposition. Experimental results show that this method can significantly weaken signal noise, effectively extract the weak characteristic information of early fault, and facilitate the early fault warning and dynamic predictive maintenance.

关键词： wind turbine generator gearbox µ-singular value decomposition local mean decomposition weak characteristic information extraction early fault warning

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美国等发达国家生物监测预警能力的发展现状及启示

郑涛,叶玲玲,李晓倩,田德桥,程瑾,祖正虎,谢英华,徐建国,夏咸柱,沈倍奋

《中国工程科学》 2017年第19卷第2期页码 122-126 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2017.02.021

摘要：

监测预警是生物安全能力的重要组成。本文通过对美国等发达国家生物监测能力总体情况的研究，从战略规划制定、体制机制改革、人才与平台建设以及发挥科技支撑作用等方面对加强我国生物监测能力建设提出了建议。

关键词：生物监测预警生物检测生物安全能力建设

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长江流域气象-水文暴雨洪涝预警技术系统研究

崔春光,赵玉春,彭涛,王斌,李俊,万蓉

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第10期页码 27-32

摘要：

对长江流域暴雨洪涝预警研究和业务的4个方面, 即暴雨中尺度野外观测科学试验、暴雨中尺度系统形成机理研究、暴雨数值模式预报技术研发以及水文气象耦合模式发展等进行了回顾, 分析了制约长江流域暴雨预报和洪涝灾害预警能力和水平提高的主要因素, 提出了亟待解决的主要科学技术问题及其应对策略。

关键词：长江流域暴雨洪涝预警

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A review of hydrological/water-quality models

Liangliang GAO,Daoliang LI

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第4期页码 267-276 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2014041

摘要： Water quality models are important in predicting the changes in surface water quality for environmental management. A range of water quality models are wildly used, but every model has its advantages and limitations for specific situations. The aim of this review is to provide a guide to researcher for selecting a suitable water quality model. Eight well known water quality models were selected for this review: SWAT, WASP, QUALs, MIKE 11, HSPF, CE-QUAL-W2, ELCOM-CAEDYM and EFDC. Each model is described according to its intended use, development, simulation elements, basic principles and applicability (e.g., for rivers, lakes, and reservoirs and estuaries). Currently, the most important trends for future model development are: (1) combination models—individual models cannot completely solve the complex situations so combined models are needed to obtain the most appropriate results, (2) application of artificial intelligence and mechanistic models combined with non-mechanistic models will provide more accurate results because of the realistic parameters derived from non-mechanistic models, and (3) integration with remote sensing, geographical information and global position systems (3S) —3S can solve problems requiring large amounts of data.

关键词： water quality models applications future trends

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震前特大地磁异常及其短临预警意义

曾小苹,郑吉盎 , 王曌燚 , 张素琴 , 林云芳

《中国工程科学》 2011年第13卷第4期页码 48-53

摘要：

对地磁记录分析的结果显示，大地震前强烈的地磁异常现象反复出现；在震中附近极震区临震前36 h至十几分钟，地磁场的特大异常数值随震级增大而增大。归算到距震中1 km处，Ms=6.0～9.5 级破坏性地震的磁场异常值约为10²～10⁵nT，异常强度甚至超过地球磁场量级5.5×10⁴ nT。根据其强度特性及时空分布，这种临震前在震中附近的ULF磁场异常，表现为一种“磁间隙喷发”。由此地磁异常的特性，提出利用大地震前短临地磁异常作为预警信号进行防震预警的探讨，由地磁预警突破目前地震预测预报难的现实困境，有望收到

关键词：震磁效应地磁预警临震前磁异常磁间隙喷发特斯拉效应

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Chinese agricultural technology transfer to African typical dry areas: practice and experience

Qiuxia MENG, Jianjie ZHANG, Wenyan XIE, Huaiping ZHOU, Qiang ZHANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第4期页码 440-454 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020353

摘要：

Africa has experienced increasing aridity and higher frequency of droughts due to climate change during the half past century with possible adverse effects on agricultural production, especially in dry areas with low rainfall. Under the auspices of the Africa Water Action Program between the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) and the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), the Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resources, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences (SAAS-IAER) has worked closely with domestic and overseas partners on technology transfer in Morocco, Zambia, Egypt, Niger and Ethiopia from 2008 to 2013. A drought early warning system has been established and validated, and drought adaptation technologies have been trialed, modified, demonstrated and extended in African countries, and this shows great potential to increase crop production, water and fertilizer use efficiency and desert control in rainfed areas of Africa. The project has continued for six years and is a successful case of technology transfer and capacity building in Africa. The knowledge and experience gained will be useful to researchers, technicians, aid agencies and policy makers who work on agricultural technology transfer for in dry areas of Africa.

关键词： drought early warning adaptation technology China United Nations Environment Program Africa

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SPATIOTEMPORAL VARIATION OF WATER QUALITY AND ALGAL BIOMASS IN ERHAI LAKE AND ITS ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第10卷第4期页码 566-578 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023520

摘要：

Elucidating the spatiotemporal pattern of water quality and algal biomass is crucial for accurately tracing pollution sources and reducing the risk of algal blooms in lake systems. This study analyzed the spatiotemporal variability of water quality and algal biomass in Erhai Lake from 1994 to 2021 using water quality index (WQI), Mann-Kendall test and Sen’s slope combined methods. The potential causes of water quality deterioration and algal biomass dynamics were also elucidated. The results showed that the historical changes in the water environment of Erhai Lake mainly had three stages: satisfactory (1994‒2001), deteriorating (2002‒2010) and improving (2011‒2021). The changes in water quality and algal biomass were primarily affected by total nitrogen, total phosphorus and chemical oxygen demand in different stages. The water environment of Erhai Lake is currently improving significantly, starting in the southern area that is furthest from the sources of agricultural pollution, especially in summer and autumn. This is attributed to the implementation of control measures resulting in lower pollutant loads at particular times and places. Therefore, it is necessary to continue to promote standardized livestock farming, to strengthen rural wastewater collection and to investigate measures such as the interruption of the endogenous cycle.

关键词： Erhai Lake control measures water environment water quality index (WQI)

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青藏高原“敏感区”对我国灾害天气气候的影响及其监测

徐祥德

《中国工程科学》 2009年第11卷第10期页码 96-107

摘要：

根据中国区域大范围洪涝、暴雨、暴雪天气预报上游关键区，以及气候变化敏感区多圈层信息平台等重大需求。从“世界屋脊”青藏高原为灾害性天气上游关键区与气候信号敏感区的观点出发，提出高原及周边观测工程建网新思路与应用新技术方案，设计、构建了新一代气象综合观测预警长期监测系统，实现科学试验－工程建设－工程应用开发途径，发展高原及周边敏感区灾害天气上游早期预警系统监测平台，为灾害性天气预报与区域气候变化提供多功能业务服务应用平台；采用高原东缘南－北轴向观测数据信息（GPS监测站与AWS站）应用于改进WRF（weather research and forecasts）模式三维变分方案，实现了模式优化站网信息的同化技术，可提升中国区域暴雨、南方雪灾模式预报能力。针对夏季暴雨、南方暴雪，检验、证明了高原观测工程布网“早期预警”的显著效果。

关键词：青藏高原上游关键敏感区灾害天气早期预警

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Modeling effects of a tidal barrage on water quality indicator distribution in the Severn Estuary

Guanghai GAO, Roger A. FALCONER, Binliang LIN

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第2期页码 211-218 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0464-1

摘要： In this study, emphasis has focused on assessing the potential hydro-environmental impacts of a barrage across the Severn Estuary, with a numerical model being developed and applied to the estuary to assess the impacts of proposed Severn Barrage on the hydrodynamic, sediment transport and faecal indicator organism distribution within the estuary. The results show that the Severn Barrage has the potential to reduce the tidal currents in a highly dynamic estuary. This leads to the reduction of suspended sediment concentrations, which in turn affects the bacterial transport processes which is highly related to the sediment transport processes.

关键词： water quality indicator Severn Estuary numerical model tidal energy

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Relationships of nitrous oxide fluxes with water quality parameters in free water surface constructed

Juan WU, Jian ZHANG, Wenlin JIA, Huijun XIE, Bo ZHANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第2期页码 241-247 doi: 10.1007/s11783-009-0023-6

摘要： The effects of chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration in the influent on nitrous oxide (N O) emissions, together with the relationships between N O and water quality parameters in free water surface constructed wetlands, were investigated with laboratory-scale systems. N O emission and purification performance of wastewater were very strongly dependent on COD concentration in the influent, and the total N O emission in the system with middle COD influent concentration was the least. The relationships between N O and the chemical and physical water quality variables were studied by using principal component scores in multiple linear regression analysis to predict N O flux. The multiple linear regression model against principal components indicated that different water parameters affected N O flux with different COD concentrations in the influent, but nitrate nitrogen affected N O flux in all systems.

关键词： free water surface constructed wetland nitrous oxide emission water quality parameter principal component analysis multiple linear regression